神奇的费曼先生

Physics is to math what sex is to masturbation.

Physics is like sex: sure, it may give some practical results, but that's not why we do it.

I... a universe of atoms, an atom in the universe.

On the other hand, I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics.

Science is what we have learned about how to keep from fooling ourselves.

Physics isn't the most important thing. Love is.

费曼对于诺贝尔奖的态度，预料之中

I have already got the prize. The prize is the pleasure of finding the thing out. The kick in the discovery. The observation other people use it. Those are the real things. The honors are unreal to me.

别人可能有几个好玩的故事可以讲，费曼有上百个

物理学不是最终要的，爱才是——费曼给他的研究生学生写的一封信。

费曼去打工的经历。

费曼最擅长的不是构想一个新的理论，而是基于已经发现的东西， 但他的厉害之处在于，他比所有人都理解地好，他擅长用一个新的角度去理解一个旧的知识。

费曼和一朵漂亮的花

自然不会被欺骗

他就是人性化的物理存在

我不认为某个瑞典皇家科学院的人决定某项成果得奖，这项成果就优秀到值得得奖，我已经得到了奖品，奖品就是发现这件事物的喜悦，发现的时候就是中奖的时候。看着别人使用它，那些才是货真价实的！对我来说荣誉是虚的，我不相信荣誉，它使我感到心烦，荣誉使我感到心烦，荣誉就是肩章，荣誉就是军服，我的爸爸带我走上了这条路，我受不了荣誉，它深深地伤害了我。 我生于无知，而且只有很少的时间来改变各种无知的状况。 爸爸过去经常让我坐在他的膝盖上，念不列颠百科全书给我听，他也会读，说，关于恐龙的故事，他会这样说，比如这个东西有25英尺高，它的头有6英尺宽，所以，他总是停下来说，“让我们看看那意味着什么，那就意味着如果它站在我们家的前院，它就高的足以把它的头伸进窗户里来，但并不完全，因为头有点过宽了”，这样思考非常令人兴奋和感兴趣，有这样巨大的动物，但它们都灭绝了，并且在当时，没有人知道原因，这就是我父亲教育我的方式。 我父亲教给我的一件事情就是不要尊重权威，他打开一份报纸，纽约时报，图上可能印着一个将军，然后他就会说“看看，现在这些人”，他说，“这里有一个人站着而其他人都在鞠躬，那么，他们有区别吗？为什么他们都要向他鞠躬？只是因为他的名声和他的地位，而不是因为他做了什么特别的事情”。 每一个人都握有一把通往天堂之门的钥匙，这把钥匙也同样能打开地狱之门。 没有任何事情表明，如果我们可以做到，他们不能做到，因此，合作显得至关重要。 德国是中心，理论物理学家的中心，他们知道原子弹的威力，如果德国率先研制成功，我们就不能确保他们不能统治世界。 他发明了一个方法让运算并行实施，仍然是手工计算，仍然是每个人一次做一个运算，但却是并行工作，并且，把每一部分的计算再聚到一起，这样把3个问题9个月解决的计划，变成9个问题在3个月之内解决。 他曾经期待作为一个科学家，参与这次飞行，但这颗炸弹很成功，他们觉得他们不需要科学家，所以他没有去成，不然，他可能就在那架飞机上了。炸弹在日本的广岛市上空爆炸，时间1945年8月6日，它致使超过80000人死亡，3天之后，第二颗原子弹被引爆，在长崎。 你周围发生的每一件事，除了引力之外，所有能够直接体验的部分，都是电磁学在起作用，当两个原子聚到一起形成分子，这就是电磁学，所以所有的化学都是电磁学，而如果这意味着所有的化学都是电磁学，那么，你猜怎么着？所有的生物学都是电磁学。自然的，我们周围的每一件事都是电磁学的一种显现，以这样或那样的方式， 当我在吃午饭的时候，一些孩子在自助餐厅扔盘子，盘子上有蓝色的圆形图案，是康奈尔大学自助餐厅的标志，当他把盘子扔出去然后盘子落下来时，摇摇晃晃，那个蓝色的图案就像这样在动（旋转），于是我就想知道这两者有什么联系，你瞧，这完全是在娱乐，一点也不慎重，于是我开始摆弄，旋转事物运动的方程，我一直不断地摆弄它，随后这个旋转使我想到了一个类似的问题，即满足狄拉克方程的电子自旋旋转的问题，这就使我重新审视起了量子电动力学，所有的东西一倾而出，这就好像把软木塞从瓶子上拔掉一样。 解决这个问题值得诺贝尔奖吗？ 我不知道。诺贝尔奖的事我完全不知道，我不明白这个奖是关于什么的，或者什么东西值得得什么奖，如果瑞典皇家科学院的人决定，谁，谁，谁获得了诺贝尔奖，那就这样吧！ 不要试着在你的脑中填满科学，在你的心中填满爱就足够了。 我要讲我们如何寻找一个新的定律，一般来说，我们通过下面的流程来寻找一条新定律，首先，我们靠猜，别笑，就是这样的，然后我们就来计算这个猜测的结果，如果它和实验结果不一致，它就是错的。这一简单的陈述就是科学的关键，它和你的猜想有多漂亮没关系，它和你有多聪明也没有关系，不管是谁提的猜想，或他的名字有多响亮，如果被实验证明它不可行，那它就是错的，如此而已。 费曼作为一个狂热的学习绘画的学生，他甚至花时间到吉安诺尼，帕萨迪纳市的一个脱衣舞吧，这里，他把注意力集中到画女孩的草图，和解物理方程上。

我有位艺术家朋友，他有时采取这样一种观点，一个我并不赞同的观点，他拿起一朵花然后说“看它多漂亮”，这我同意，然后他说，我是个艺术家，可以看懂这花的美丽，但是你，作为一个科学家，把它研究透了，它也就变得索然无味了，我认为他的想法有点怪。首先，他看到的美对其他人而言都是等价的，对我也一样，我相信，尽管我没有像他那样，有十分雅致的审美，但我依然可以赞美那朵花的美丽。同时，关于这朵花，我看到的比他更多，我可以想象它的细胞，它里面的复杂反应，那同样很美，我的意思是说，它的美丽不光表现在这种程度上，在更微观的世界里它也同样美丽，它的内部结构，它的反应过程也是，事实上花的颜色和它的逐渐进化是为了，使昆虫更青睐于给它授粉，这就意味着昆虫可以看见花的颜色。这也萌发了一个新问题，这种美感也存在于低等生物里吗？它为什么会审美？一朵带有香气的和神秘感的令人着迷的花，科学知识只是将各种有趣的问题附加给它，它只是附加，我不知道如何减去。 当我还是加州理工学院的学生时，我走到费曼的门口，然后敲门，门开了，我解释说，我妈妈看了他的有关他自己的节目，认为他很有趣，她没有科学背景，我说，“你看你能不能给她写封信，因为这样我可能就有机会教她物理学？”。然后费曼就真给她写了封信，在信中他说，“亲爱的乔恩女士，不要理睬你儿子想教你物理的尝试，物理不是最重要的事情，爱都是最重要的”。就这样，真是事与愿违啊，我遇到了那时候最伟大的活着的物理学家，他却告诉我妈妈说物理学不重要，爱才是重要的事情。 费曼从第一次癌症手术中恢复了过来，但这一疾病再也不会从他身上完全消失，他将一直要活在病魔的阴影下。 对于一个成功的技术，现实必须置于比公共关系优先的地位，因为大自然是不会被愚弄的。

在中国谈到学习第一反应就是，学这个有什么用？在秦以后到清末学习的意思就是读书，读书就是为了做官从政。今天读书的意思是读好书考好大学找好工作，然后呢？ 找好对象生好孩子，接着读好书考好大学找好工作。按部就班，来回循环。所以每到一个年龄段，中国人必然会面对一样的套路一样的压力。十五志于学，三十而立，四十不惑，五十知天命，六十耳顺，七十从心所欲不逾矩。几乎全部活在儒家文化的桎梏中，是孔子的思想奴隶。 我这人好奇心重，直到今天依旧会问些“愚蠢”的问题“物质是什么？”“什么才是真实？”“人类跟动物有什么本质不同？”……我也乐于记录自己对这些蠢问题的好奇与思考，甚至希望整理成书跟更多人分享。这在一些很优秀的朋友看来可能并不成熟，经历够吗？经验够吗？ 这不得不让我开始反思，为什么上下五千年文明历史的中国没有诞生现代科学？中国底蕴不够吗？分分合合，坎坎坷坷，几度山河碎，几度夕阳红，这样的经历不够吗？ 然后出来什么东西？挖出老祖宗，结合经验再挑几句感慨一番就觉着自己知天命，天人合一？ 人早期都充满好奇心求知欲，中华文明早期也如此。上下求索的屈原不止写过离骚，亦曾天问：遂古之初，谁传道之？上下未形，何由考之？…… 问问题也是一种学习方法，好奇才问。至于有什么用，是基于现实应用的考量。有时候现实条件决定你需要妥协，需要养活自己。但不要忘记好奇和求知才是动物最强大的生命力，这种本能是人类存在最好的证明。 至于如何学习才能获得诺贝尔奖，不妨去看看诺贝尔奖获得者理查·德费曼怎么回答吧——2018.6.28

筆記。

Richard Feynman (1918-1988)

But you got to stop and think about the complexity, the INCONCEIVABLE nature of nature! 你需要停下來思考一下這些複雜性，這些不可思議的自然之本質。

I was born not knowing, and have only had a little time to change that here and there. — Richard Feynman 我生來一無所知，只是有一點時間在這兒或那兒對此做些改變。

Their father, Melville Feynman, worked for a company which made uniforms. This exposure to the military led to a strong rejection of authority, a value he instilled in his son. One of the things that my father taught me was a disrespect. He'd open a picture, a New York Times, maybe it was a General, and he'd say, "Now, look at these humans," he'd say. "Here's one human standing here and all these others are bowing. Now, what is the difference? Why are they all bowing to him? Only because of his name and his position. Because of his uniform. Not because of something he especially did." 為一家製作軍服的公司工作的父親對自己的兒子注入的價值觀：反對威權

To every man is given the key to the gates of heaven. The same key opens the gates of hell. — Buddhist saying, re-quoted by Richard Feynman 每個人都被給予一枚通往天堂之門的鑰匙，同一枚鑰匙也開啟地獄之門。(佛教徒的說法，為費曼引用)

Despite being a key member of the most secret Government project of the war, Feynman's streak of maverick mischief was never far away. 'So I used to pick the locks all the time and point out that it was very easy to do, and every time we had a meeting of the whole…everybody together, I'd get up and I'd say that we have important secrets and we shouldn't keep them in such thing. We need better locks!' 開鎖的癖好 /最出色的偵探也可以是最出色的竊賊

There is pleasure in recognizing old things from a new viewpoint. — Richard Feynman 有一種喜悅在於從一個新的視點去認知舊事物之中。

They expected me to be wonderful to offer me a job like this, and I wasn't wonderful. I though to myself, "I haven't done anything important. And I'm never going to do anything important. But I used to enjoy physics and mathematical things and because I used to play with it, it was never very important. But I used to do things for the fun of it. So I decided, I'm going to do things only for the fun of it. " 對自己的清醒認識以及只出於玩樂去做事情的心態 /是玩樂而不是享樂

The simple little diagrams Feynman had invented were a brilliant way to sidestep the complicated calculations required for QED. They were a sort of shortcut, allowing him to avoid the infinities and make meaningful predictions about the world. He saw that there was actually a sort of pictorial way of thinking about these pictures, these equations. You could associate a little cartoon, a little Feynman diagram, as we now call them, to every one of these terms in the equation. 用簡單的圖形 (diagram) 巧妙避開QED(Quantum ElectroDynamics 量子電磁力學) 中 infinite ∞ 的 indefinite. 用一種圖形化 (pictorial) 的方式思考情景圖像以及方程。 /如果費曼的藝術老師是達芬奇本尊也許繪畫和物理都將更進一大步

The prize is the pleasure of finding the thing out. The kick in the discovery. The observation other people use it. Those are the real things! The honours are unreal to me. I don't believe in honours. It bothers me. Honours bothers me! Honours is epaulettes. Honours is uniforms. 發現事物真相的樂趣就是獎賞 /諾貝爾獎的得主都不屑得獎這才是諾貝爾獎的意義

Stop trying to fill your head with science - for to fill your heart with love is enough. — Richard Feynman 有愛足夠 (mischievous backfire letter)

Probability & Uncertainty - the quantum mechanical view of nature Professor Richard Feynman gives the message lectures Cornell University 費曼在康乃爾大學的演講：可能性與不可確定性 － 自然的量子機械視點

Californian artist, Jirayr Zorthian (1911-2004) 加州亞美尼亞裔藝術家 They met at a party where Feynman played bongos.

I think he maybe got a kick out of working with his hands, but particularly the pen and doing features of people. So enthusiastic an art student was Feynman, that he took to spending time in Giannoni's, a strip bar in Pasadena. Here, he divided his attention between sketching the girls and solving physics equations. 用繪畫捕捉人物的特徵

We both liked spaghetti, because it was easy to cook, and I ask him why it was that when you broke a piece of spaghetti, it often broke into three pieces, instead of two? You should try it, it really does. So, of course, he came up with a theory of it immediately, but instead of being satisfied with it he constructed an experiment to see if the theory was true, which involved slowly moving the spaghetti off the end of the table and breaking it at different lengths. And then, that theory was wrong and he came up with another theory and then each theory would lead to another experiment. By the time the evening was over, we had broken spaghetti all over the place and we STILL didn't know why spaghetti broke in three places. 義大利麵條三斷論的實驗 ／其實生活中處處是驚奇

He didn't need the external validation of having everybody respecting him all the time, because he respected himself, he knew he was an extraordinary person. 他並不需要外部的肯定讓每個人在任何時候都要遵奉他 /越是糟糕的教授越會自卑到讓學生必須尊稱professor

Freely admitting that, yes, he was laughing at his own history. 他會對自己的過去發笑

I have a friend who's an artist and he's sometimes taken a view, which I don't agree with very well. You hold up a flower and say, "Look how beautiful it is." And I'll agree. And he says, I, as an artist, can see how beautiful this is, but you, as a scientist, take this all apart and it becomes a dull thing. And I think that he's kind of nutty. First of all, the beauty that he sees is available to other people and to me too. I believe, although I may not be quite as refined aesthetically as he is, that I can appreciate the beauty of the flower. At the same time, I see much more about the flower than he sees. I could imagine the cells in there, the complicated actions inside, which also have a beauty. I mean, it's not just beauty at this dimension of one centi-metre, there's also beauty at a smaller dimensions, the inner structure. Also the processes. The fact that the colours and the flower are evolved in order to attract insects to pollinate it is interesting. It means that insects can see the colour. It adds a question, does this aesthetic sense also exist in the lower forms? Why is it aesthetic? All kinds of interesting questions, which are science knowledge only adds to the excitement and mystery and the awe of a flower. It only adds. I don't understand how it subtracts.

我有一個朋友他是藝術家，他有時持有一種見解我並不是很同意。他拿起一枝花說，“看它多漂亮”，我同意，然後他說，我是一個藝術家，能夠看到它是多麼漂亮，而你，是一個科學家，你把它都分解開來，就會變得很無趣了。我覺得這就有點怪異了。首先，他看到的那種美對其他人和我都是可以看到的。我相信，儘管我可能沒有像他那樣更精練審美的程度，我也是可以欣賞花朵之美的。而同時，關於花我比他看到的更多。我可以想像它的細胞，其中的複雜動作，這些也都有一種美。我的意思是，並不是只在這一釐米的尺度之上的美，再更小的尺度上，在它的內部結構中，也有美。也包括各種過程。花朵顏色的進化旨在吸引昆蟲授粉這個事實也是很有趣的。它意味著昆蟲可以看到色彩。它增加了一個問題，在低等(生物)形式中是否也存在這樣的美感？為什麼會是審美？ 各種各樣有趣的問題，科學知識只會對在一枝花的興奮感 (excitement)，神秘 (mystery) 和驚奇 (awe) 有所增加。它只會增加，我不明白它怎麼會減少。

/這是費曼被引用很多的一段話。科學和藝術，無論對立或者一致，總是很難分割。這位所謂“藝術家”，他的意思就好像，你看那有個美女真是太美了，但如果你知道那美女也會拉屎放屁，那你就不會覺得美了，而是變得平淡無聊。就對自然的審美而言，藝術家和普通人並沒有多大分別，分別在於藝術家在觀察、思考、表達的創作過程，都不是簡單的複製，而是同科學家一樣的探索。因此當觀察流於表面的時候，結果可想而知。將美女物化與將她做為一個複雜的人欣賞到的美有深淺之分。另外，如果說拒絕理性思考是為了有更多想像的空間，依然與創作者的知識和經歷有關，否則就只會是臆想，結局通常是精神分裂症。優秀的藝術作品是可以被從各種層面理解的，因為它最接近自然真實的本質。

And so on Monday morning we met in my office and he sat down and started working, and he was consumed by it. All his energy and attention was devoted to solving this problem. 所有的能量和注意力都在致力於解決問題

For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations for nature can not be fooled. — Richard Feynman 真相必需優先公共關係，因為自然不能被愚弄。

He asked me what I thought he should do so I just asked him, "Do you think it's an important problem?" And he said, yes he did. I said, "Do you think you can make a difference?" And he said, after a while, he said, "Well, yeah, probably can." I didn't say another word. And after a few minutes hesitation he said, "To hell with you, Hibbs," and hung up. 你認為它是一個重要的問題嗎？你認為你可以讓它有些不同嗎？

William Rogers (1913-2001) 美國政治家，外交官，律師。 His formal, bureaucratic approach was the polar opposite of the freewheeling maverick professor. General Donald Kutyna (1933- ) 美國空軍軍官。 And so I went through this very logical step-by-step process of how you investigate a space, /在 formal, bureaucratic approach 和 logic step-by-step 之間似乎有種內在的相似。但是當規程變成繁文縟節，政府的效率就會降低；而邏輯一步步的清晰明了卻有利調查工作的進行。

It wasn't simply a technical puzzle, there was a human puzzle going on too. I already smell certain rats that I will not forget because I just love the smell of rats, for it is the spore of exciting adventure.' 這並不是一個簡單的技術謎題，而是也上演著一個人間謎題。我已經嗅到某種騙局的味道我不會忽略因為我喜歡這個味道，它是這場令人興奮的冒險的胞芽。

NASA wanted to control everything that they gave to the Commission and actually withheld things. They didn't lie, but they certainly didn't go around blabbing the truth either. NASA對調查委員會有所保留

It was Feynman's chance. He decided to use the power of a classic science demonstration. 這是費曼的機會。他決定運用經典科學演示的力量。

In the summer of 1986, the Commission's report was submitted. In its appendix, Feynman added a stark reminder about the limits of science. His last recommendation I think really summed it up in one simple paragraph. "For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for nature cannot be fooled." 對於一項成功的技術而言，真相必需優先於公共關係，因為自然不會被愚弄。 /在一個不追求真相的國度，既不會有科學也不會有藝術。只有踩在空中軟綿綿的感覺，等著必然到來一再會來的自然的懲罰。

I got off on the subject. I said, "I've been thinking about an invariant in turbulent flow." He said, "What do you mean?" I explained a little bit what it was all about. The invariant, you know. I said, "Well under these, such and such conditions." And he says, "Let's see." So I had a notebook there. He took the notebook and he started, he wrote it all down step by step. think it took 13 steps to get to that. He says, "Yes, that's true, it is an invariant." Then he says, "You got me thinking about physics again. I can go home now." / invariant… 想起一個很久遠的疑問，invariant 和 constant 有區別嗎？

'"The whole universe is in a glass of wine." I don't think we'll ever know in what sense he meant that. For the poets don't like to be understood.' 詩人不喜歡被理解

The most important thing I found out from [my father] is that if you asked any question and pursued it deeply enough, then at the end there was a glorious discovery of a general and beautiful kind. No Ordinary Genius wikiquote🔗🀅

片尾介紹了英國公開大學的免費課程🔗 //www.open.edu/openlearn/free-courses/full-catalogue 這些課程過於豐富，從 Big bang 到 parenting, 知識何止是海洋。我打算先選一個語言課程，Beginners’ French: A trip to Avignon🔗，嗯，好像看到一隻蝸牛在笑.....